Journal of Green Chemistry and Chemical Engineering

Study and optimization of Diels-Alder reaction of piperine in aqueous ionic solutions using Gn.HCl as a catalyst

V. Rama Subbarao

An outsized number of phenomena concern to and are conducted in liquid phase involving ionic species (Millions of years ago, Mother Nature discovered the secrets of water molecule) in different biological and other natural processes. Salt present in the oceans, a striking example from Nature, is a multi component salt solution reflecting the distant marine origin of life on earth together with the composition of physiological fluids. In general the ionic solutions play roles in several industrial and geological processes in addition to their deep impact on the biological molecules. This enormous power of ionic solutions is based on the interactions of ion with solvent. In this work, we present some interesting results with comprehensive implications on the application of ion-solvent (i-s) interactions on organic reactions. 

What to Expect in the Next Green Revolution?

Suryakiran Navath

On the brink of World War 1, scientists throughout Europe were already embroiled in a debate regarding food supply shortages. During that point in time, it was well known that plants require nitrogen to grow and that large-scale farming disrupts the nitrogen cycle during harvests. Hence, the soil’s nitrogen content had to be replenished. Guano (animal droppings) was known to be a great fertilizer, but its imports were dwindling, and Europe didn’t have an abundance of land to grow crops on and feed its people. Fortunately, Fritz Haber had discovered the Haber cycle during that time, enabling nitrogen-rich ammonia to be produced for fertilizers. 

The attachment opioid antagonist drug of Naltrexone to multi-walled carbon nanotubes by different kinds of reagents carbodiimides

Mohammadreza Gholibeikiana, AmirrezaArvanehb, Nastaran Gholami Samali

Antagonist Narcotic an antagonist is used extensively as pharmacologic tools for the investigation of opioid receptors [12]. Indeed, the recent research literature attests to the impact that such antagonist have made in this previous active research area. However, the reversible nature of conventional narcotic antagonist e.g.,Naltrexone is an inherent limitation to its utility,particularly with regard to the use of such compound in the isolation and purification of opioid receptors.Naltrexone monotherapy was approved for the treatment of opioid addiction in 1984 and alcohol dependence in 1995.Additionally, Naltrexone is approved to treat heroin overdose and to reverse respiratory depression caused by morphine.Naltrexone is used to treat heroin and alcohol abuse. In previous study, were made to formulate a transdermal patch containing Naltrexone which has controlled release. Slow release is critically significant in drug delivery for minimizing the amount of drug lost before reaching the target. Shell structures and supports can be used for slow delivery of drugs and are usually made from organic materials.Forexample,liposomes [13-15],microspheres [16],polymericshells [17]and polymeric micelles [18-19]have been well investigated in constructing a drug delivery system from organic materials, the combination of shell or support materials, targetingmolecules, and drugs are restricted to ensure stability targeting efficiency,and drug effect.Although,many supporting polymers are expensive,this restriction can be reduced by using carbon nanotubes [20].On the other hand, nanomedicine, which is an emerging bridge linking nanotechnology and advanced medical technology involves the exploration of nano scaled materials with the aim of developing novel types of drug carriers, imaging agents,sensors,etc.[21-22]. Nanotubes have several properties that make them suitable for use a nanotube-supported drugs. Functionalized CNTs have been shown in many studies to be able to cross cell membranes [23-25].

The ability of CNTs to cross cell membranes allowing them to be used as carriers is of particular high interest for drug delivery strategies. The individuals which have used overdoses narcotics, if the opioid antagonist drug of Naltrexone is be given to them of the oral way, the patient is possible is be caused at first stage respiratory depression, heartattack, intense convulsion and the patient can be sometimes caused of the death. Therefore, we have used of solid support in this work. For the attachment antagonist drug of Naltrexone by different kinds of carbodiimides reagents, which it can be solid phase of carbon nanotube. The drug carrier of Naltrexone is assuming will be used as skin absorption in this work in the recent future, which the attachment drugs antagonist to carbon nanotubes will desire to absorb by the skin layers and hairs on the skin surface. It will suggest introduce as drug carrier to blood and there it can be transferred to the brain. The absorption opioid antagonist drug on the surface carbon nanotube by the covalent functionalization.it can be promised for reducing dangers of such as; respiratorydepression, heartattack, intenseconvulsive, death and etc.,In the recent future.                                                                                                                         

The covalent attachment of Naltrexone to multi-walled carbon nanotubes byoxalyl chloride agent

Mohammadreza Gholibeikiana, AmirrezaArvanehb, Nastaran GholamiSamali

The drugs of choice for the treatment of several pain are the opioids,the activities of which are mediated by their interaction with specific membrane round G-protein coupled receptors(GPCR)[1,2]. The existence of at least three major classes of opioid receptors, viz,µ,k, δ,has been well established [3].These receptors have also been cloned and functionally characterized[4-11].Naltrexone is a potent opioid antagonist with little agonist activity and its along activity opioid antagonist which is used in opiate addiction treatment and rehabilitation.Naltrexone is a mu-opioid receptor antagonist.Narcotic antagonist is used extensively as pharmacologic tools for the investigation of opioid receptors[12].indeed,the recent researchliterature attests to the impact that such antagonist have made in the previous active research area.How over, the reversible nature of conventional narcotic antagonist e.g.,Naltrexone is an inherent limitation to its utility,particularly with regard to the use of such compound in the isolation and purification of opioid receptors.Naltrexone monotherapy was approved for the treatment of opioid addiction in 1984 and alcohol dependence in 1995.Additionally,Naltrexone is approved to treat heroin overdose and to reverse respiratory depression caused by morphine.Naltrexone is used to treat heroin and alcohol abuse.In previous study,were made to formulate a transdermal patch containing Naltrexone which has controlled release.law release is critically significant in drug delivery or minimizing the amount of drug lost before reaching to target. Shell structures and supports can be used or slow delivery of drugs and are usually made from organic materials.For example,liposomes[13-15].Microspheres[16].polymeric shells[17]and polymeric micelles have been well investigated[18-19].

In constructing drug delivery system from organic materials,the combinations of shell or support materials,targeting molecules,and drugs are restricted to ensure stability targeting efficiency,and drug effect.Although,many supporting polymers are expensive,this restriction can be reduced by using carbon nanotubes[20].On the other hand,nano medicine,which is an emerging bridge linking nanotechnology and advanced medical technology involves the exploration of nanoscale materials with the aim of developing novel types of drug carriers,imaging agents,sensors,etc[21-22].Nanotubes have several properties that make them suitable for use a nanotube supported drugs.Functionalization CNTs have been shown in many studies to be able to cross cell membranes[23-25].The ability of CNTs to cross cell membranes allowing them to be used as carriers is of particular high interest for drug delivery strategies.The individuals which have used overdoses narcotics,if the opioid antagonist drug of Naltrexone is be given to them of the oral ways,the patient is possible is be caused at first stage respiratory depression,heart attack,intense convulsive and or the patient can be sometimes caused of the death.Therefore, we have used of solid support in this work for the attachment antagonist drug of Naltrexone which it can be solid phase of carbon nanotube.